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The Best Space Heaters

Winter’s chill doesn’t have to leave you shivering in your own home. Space heaters provide targeted warmth exactly where you need it most, transforming a cold room into a comfortable sanctuary within minutes. Whether you’re dealing with a drafty office, a chilly bedroom, or you simply want to lower your heating bills by warming specific areas, the right space heater can make all the difference.
The space heater market offers more options than ever before, with advanced safety features, improved energy efficiency, and smart controls that put the power literally at your fingertips. However, with dozens of models claiming to be the best, choosing the right one can feel overwhelming. That’s where this comprehensive guide comes in.
Everything We Recommend
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The Best Overall
1500W fast heating with 200% wider airflow for quick whole-room warmth.
ETL-certified with tip-over, overheat, and flame-retardant safety features.
Adjustable 41–95℉ thermostat with 1℉ precision saves energy.
Quiet 34dB operation with brushless DC motor for peaceful comfort.
Remote, timer, ECO mode, and child lock for easy daily use.
Includes expert support and detailed guides for worry-free setup.
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The Best Budget Champion
1500W/750W heat with fan mode and 0–158℉ thermostat for year-round comfort.
Flame-retardant build with tip-over and overheat shut-off for safe daily use.
Compact design with carry handle cuts bills by heating only where needed.
Heats 200 sq ft quickly while staying quiet under 45dB—ideal for bedrooms.
Upgraded flame-resistant ABS, 6ft cord, 2-prong plug for long-term reliability.
The Best Multi-Purpose Solution
Three modes: 1500W high, 900W low, and fan-only for year-round flexibility.
Lightweight 3 lbs with 7.5″x6.3″x9.5″ size, easy to carry for home or office use.
Tip-over and overheat protection with power light ensure safe operation.
Ceramic heating warms up quickly, delivering heat in just minutes.
Not recommended for bathrooms or high-moisture areas.
The Best for Large Spaces
1500W tower heater with high/low settings and adjustable thermostat keeps rooms comfortably warm.
Built-in 1–8 hour timer lets you program auto shutoff for convenience and safety.
Remote control adjusts temp, timer, and oscillation—plus built-in storage so it won’t get lost.
Widespread oscillation evenly distributes heat throughout your space.
ETL-listed safety features include overheat protection and cool-touch housing for peace of mind.
Trusted Lasko heater with ceramic element, 8-hour timer, and 3-year warranty—ideal for living spaces.
The Best for Quiet Environments
1500W PTC ceramic heater warms your room in just 3 seconds with fast, even heat distribution.
Save on energy bills with 3 heat levels and fan-only mode for targeted, efficient warmth.
Adjustable thermostat keeps your space consistently comfortable by monitoring air temperature.
Compact and portable with built-in handle—perfect for bedrooms, offices, kitchens, and more.
Safety features include overheat protection and tip-over auto shutoff for worry-free use.
The Best Compact Solution
Compact 7.28″ x 5.31″ x 9.45″ heater with adjustable thermostat and carry handle—perfect for small spaces.
Heats in just 2 seconds with durable ceramic elements and 1500W PTC technology.
Three modes: 1500W high heat, 750W low heat, and fan-only for year-round use.
Built-in thermostat keeps your room at a comfortable, consistent temperature.
Includes tip-over shutoff, overheat protection, power indicator, and ETL certification for safety.
Why Space Heaters Are Essential
Space heaters have evolved far beyond the basic heating elements of the past. Today’s models incorporate sophisticated technology that delivers efficient, safe, and convenient heating solutions. The current energy crisis has made targeted heating more appealing than ever, as homeowners seek ways to reduce their utility bills without sacrificing comfort.
Modern space heaters address common pain points that older models couldn’t handle. Advanced thermostats maintain consistent temperatures, while improved safety features prevent accidents. Smart connectivity allows you to control your heater remotely, ensuring you come home to a warm space without wasting energy all day.
The Top Space Heaters Our Picks
The Dreo DR-HSH006 emerges as the standout choice for users seeking comprehensive heating performance with modern convenience. This ceramic heater addresses one of the most common frustrations with space heaters: the constant need to manually adjust settings throughout the day. With its intelligent ECO mode, the Dreo DR-HSH006 automatically maintains your preferred temperature, cycling on and off as needed to keep your space perfectly comfortable without energy waste.
Powerful heat that fits everywhere: Dreo space heaters for indoor combines Hyperamics 1500W advanced PTC system with a new heat funnel design to deliver heat within seconds and enhance warm air circulation for up to 200% farther reach than traditional heaters.
The Dreo DR-HSH006 truly shines in professional settings where consistent temperature matters. Picture yourself working from home during those long winter video calls – this heater maintains steady warmth without the cycling noise that can disrupt meetings. The 12-hour timer function allows you to schedule heating around your daily routine, ensuring your home office is warm when you start work and automatically shutting off when you finish.
The GiveBest PTC-905 proves that effective heating doesn’t require a significant investment. This compact powerhouse tackles the primary challenge faced by budget-conscious consumers: finding a heater that delivers reliable warmth without compromising on essential safety features. At just 2.2 pounds, it’s genuinely portable – you can easily carry it from your bedroom to your home office to wherever you need instant warmth.
The GiveBest PTC-905 excels in personal heating scenarios that larger heaters can’t match. Imagine sitting at your desk during chilly mornings, needing just enough warmth to stay comfortable without heating an entire room. This heater’s focused heating capability warms your immediate area within minutes, making it perfect for targeted comfort. The whisper-quiet operation under 45 decibels means you can use it during video calls, while studying, or even while sleeping without any disruptive noise.
For renters or anyone dealing with inconsistent heating in apartments, the GiveBest PTC-905 offers immediate relief. The dual power settings (1500W/750W) allow you to match the heating output to your needs and energy budget. The integrated thermostat automatically maintains your preferred temperature, preventing the energy waste that comes from constant manual adjustments. Its compact 6.5 x 7.5 x 9-inch footprint means it fits perfectly on desks, nightstands, or any small space without dominating the area.
The Amazon Basics DQ1927-Y-SILVER addresses a common household dilemma: the need for reliable heating that works across different seasons and situations. This ceramic heater provides three distinct functions – high heat, low heat, and a cooling fan mode – making it a year-round climate solution rather than just a winter heating tool.
This heater particularly appeals to users who value straightforward operation without sacrificing performance. The simple dial controls eliminate the complexity found in many modern heaters, allowing anyone in the family to operate it confidently. The ceramic heating elements provide rapid warmth distribution, making it ideal for quick heating needs like warming up a bathroom before your morning shower or providing immediate comfort when you come home to a cold house.
The DQ1927-Y-SILVER works exceptionally well in transitional spaces like basements, garages, or seasonal rooms that need occasional heating. Its robust build quality and basic maintenance requirements make it perfect for utility heating where durability matters more than advanced features. The built-in safety protections ensure reliable operation even in less-than-ideal conditions.
The Lasko 751320 tower heater solves the significant challenge of heating large, open spaces effectively. Its vertical tower design maximizes heat output while minimizing floor space consumption, making it perfect for living rooms, open-concept areas, or large bedrooms where traditional heaters fall short.
The standout feature of the Lasko 751320 is its widespread oscillation combined with tower heating technology. This combination creates a heating pattern that reaches across entire rooms rather than just warming the immediate area. For families with large gathering spaces, this heater ensures everyone feels comfortable regardless of where they’re sitting. The electronic controls with remote control functionality mean you can adjust settings from anywhere in the room, eliminating the need to walk across large spaces for temperature changes.
The Lasko 751320 proves particularly valuable in homes with high ceilings or open floor plans where heat tends to rise and dissipate. The tower design pushes warm air at multiple levels, creating better heat distribution than traditional horizontal heaters. The programmable timer allows you to warm large spaces before family gatherings or daily activities, ensuring comfort without wasting energy on empty rooms.
The Aikoper NT15-20A addresses a critical need in modern homes: effective heating that doesn’t interfere with daily activities. This heater’s ultra-quiet operation makes it ideal for bedrooms, nurseries, home offices, or any space where noise sensitivity is a concern. Unlike traditional heaters that can disrupt sleep or concentration, the Aikoper NT15-20A operates so quietly that you’ll often forget it’s running.
The Aikoper NT15-20A excels in scenarios where consistent, unobtrusive heating is essential. Parents will appreciate its ability to maintain comfortable temperatures in children’s rooms throughout the night without the cycling sounds that can wake light sleepers. Remote workers find it perfect for maintaining office comfort during long video conferences without background noise interfering with professional calls.
This heater’s design prioritizes user comfort beyond just temperature control. The gentle heating method avoids the dry air feeling that many ceramic heaters produce, making it suitable for extended use in bedrooms or other spaces where air quality matters. The precise temperature control ensures consistent comfort without the temperature swings that can disturb sleep or concentration.
The Kismile H56902-BLACK proves that size doesn’t limit effectiveness when it comes to personal heating. This compact heater addresses the specific needs of users who require targeted warmth in small spaces or for personal comfort. Its small footprint makes it perfect for dorm rooms, small offices, or any situation where space is at a premium but comfort cannot be compromised.
The Kismile H56902-BLACK excels in personal heating scenarios where larger heaters would be overkill. Students working at desks, crafters in small workshops, or anyone with a dedicated workspace will find this heater provides exactly the right amount of warmth without overwhelming small areas. The focused heating capability means you feel the warmth immediately, making it perfect for quick comfort needs.
This heater’s true strength lies in its ability to provide serious heating performance in an unobtrusive package. The compact design means it fits easily on bookshelves, under desks, or in any small space without dominating the area. Despite its small size, it includes all essential safety features, ensuring reliable operation even in confined spaces where safety is particularly important.
Space Heater Types
Choosing the right space heater starts with understanding the different heating technologies available. Each type has unique advantages and works better in specific situations.
Ceramic Heaters
Ceramic heaters use ceramic plates or coils heated by electricity. These heaters warm up quickly and typically include fans to circulate heated air throughout the room. The ceramic elements self-regulate temperature, preventing dangerous overheating.
Ceramic heaters excel in situations where you need quick warmth. They’re perfect for warming up a cold room rapidly or providing targeted heat while you work. The fan-forced circulation ensures even heat distribution, making them effective for medium-sized rooms.
The main advantages of ceramic heaters include fast heating, even temperature distribution, and built-in safety features. However, they can be noisier than other types due to their fans, and they may dry out the air more than radiant heaters.
Oil-Filled Radiators
Oil-filled radiators contain sealed oil that’s heated by electric elements. The oil never needs replacement and provides consistent, long-lasting heat. These heaters warm up slowly but maintain heat longer after being turned off.
Oil-filled radiators work best for steady background heating. They’re perfect for bedrooms where you want consistent warmth throughout the night, or for offices where you need all-day heating. The radiant heat feels more natural than forced air.
These heaters operate silently and don’t dry out the air like fan-forced heaters. They’re also very safe since the oil is completely sealed. However, they take longer to heat up initially and are typically heavier and bulkier than other types.
Infrared Heaters
Infrared heaters emit electromagnetic radiation that directly warms objects and people rather than heating the air. This creates a different kind of warmth that many people find more comfortable and natural.
Infrared heating works instantly—you feel the warmth immediately when you turn it on. It’s particularly effective for spot heating, such as warming a specific chair or desk area. The heat doesn’t circulate through the air, so it’s not affected by drafts or air circulation.
The main benefit of infrared heaters is their efficiency in heating people rather than entire rooms. They maintain humidity levels and don’t create air circulation that can spread dust or allergens. However, they only provide warmth in direct line of sight and don’t heat rooms evenly.
Convection Heaters
Convection heaters warm the air, which then rises and circulates throughout the room. This creates even heating but takes longer to warm up spaces initially. Many oil-filled radiators and panel heaters use convection heating.
Convection heaters provide gentle, even warmth that’s comfortable for extended periods. They work well for maintaining consistent temperatures in rooms where you spend long periods. The natural air circulation distributes heat evenly without fans.
These heaters are typically quiet and don’t dry out the air excessively. They’re perfect for bedrooms, living rooms, and other spaces where you want comfortable background heating. However, they heat up slowly and may not be ideal when you need immediate warmth.
Safety Considerations: Protecting Your Home and Family
Space heater safety has improved dramatically, but proper use remains essential. Modern heaters include multiple safety features, but understanding how to use them safely protects your home and family.
Essential Safety Features
Today’s space heaters include numerous safety features that earlier models lacked. Tip-over switches automatically turn off the heater if it’s knocked over, preventing fires and burns. Overheat protection monitors internal temperatures and shuts down the unit if it gets too hot.
Cool-touch exteriors prevent burns even after hours of operation. Many models include thermal fuses that permanently disable the heater if it overheats beyond safe limits. Automatic shut-off timers prevent heaters from running indefinitely if you forget to turn them off.
Ground fault circuit interrupters (GFCI) protect against electrical shocks, especially important in bathrooms or other wet areas. Some models include child safety locks that prevent accidental operation. These features work together to make modern space heaters much safer than older models.
Proper Placement and Usage
Proper placement is crucial for safe space heater operation. Always maintain at least three feet of clearance around the heater, keeping furniture, curtains, and other materials away from the heating elements. Never place heaters on unstable surfaces where they could tip over.
Avoid using extension cords with space heaters whenever possible. If you must use one, choose a heavy-duty cord rated for the heater’s wattage. Never run cords under rugs or in high-traffic areas where they could be damaged. Always plug heaters directly into wall outlets rather than power strips.
Never leave space heaters unattended for extended periods, especially when sleeping or leaving the house. Turn off and unplug heaters when not in use. Keep heaters away from high-traffic areas where they could be knocked over or tripped over.
Maintenance and Inspection
Regular maintenance keeps your space heater operating safely and efficiently. Clean the heater regularly according to manufacturer instructions, paying special attention to air intake and exhaust areas. Dust buildup can cause overheating and reduce efficiency.
Inspect power cords regularly for damage, including fraying, cracking, or loose connections. Replace damaged cords immediately—never attempt to repair them yourself. Check that plugs fit securely in outlets and don’t feel warm during operation.
Store heaters properly during off-seasons, protecting them from moisture and damage. Before using stored heaters, inspect them thoroughly for any signs of damage that may have occurred during storage. When in doubt, have heaters inspected by qualified technicians.
Energy Efficiency: Maximizing Warmth While Minimizing Costs
Energy efficiency has become increasingly important as utility costs rise. Understanding how to use space heaters efficiently can significantly reduce your heating bills while maintaining comfortable temperatures.
Understanding Wattage and Energy Consumption
Most space heaters consume between 750 and 1,500 watts of electricity. Higher wattage doesn’t necessarily mean better heating—it depends on the heater’s design and your specific needs. A 1,500-watt heater costs approximately $0.15 per hour to operate at average electricity rates.
Energy-efficient heaters use features like programmable thermostats, eco modes, and smart controls to reduce consumption. Some models automatically adjust output based on room temperature, using less energy when the desired temperature is reached. Timer functions prevent unnecessary operation when rooms are unoccupied.
To calculate operating costs, multiply the heater’s wattage by your local electricity rate and the hours of operation. For example, a 1,500-watt heater running for 8 hours at $0.12 per kWh costs $1.44 per day. This calculation helps you budget for heating costs and compare different models.
Optimizing Heater Performance
Proper heater placement maximizes efficiency and reduces operating costs. Position heaters near areas where you spend the most time, allowing you to use lower heat settings while maintaining comfort. Close doors and windows to prevent heat loss and improve efficiency.
Use programmable thermostats to avoid overheating rooms. Set temperatures 2-3 degrees lower than your central heating system, as localized heating can provide the same comfort at lower temperatures. Timer functions automatically turn heaters off when rooms are unoccupied.
Combine space heaters with other energy-saving strategies for maximum efficiency. Use ceiling fans to circulate warm air, allowing you to use lower heat settings. Add insulation to reduce heat loss, improving overall efficiency. Consider using multiple smaller heaters instead of one large unit for better zone control.
Comparing Operating Costs
Space heaters can reduce overall heating costs when used strategically. Heating one room with a space heater while lowering your central heating thermostat often costs less than heating your entire home. The savings depend on your home’s size, insulation, and local energy costs.
Calculate potential savings by comparing your current heating costs with space heater operating costs. If you spend most of your time in one or two rooms, heating only those spaces can provide significant savings. However, heating multiple rooms with space heaters may cost more than central heating.
Consider the initial purchase price when evaluating overall value. Higher-efficiency heaters may cost more upfront but save money over time through reduced energy consumption. Factor in the heater’s expected lifespan and warranty coverage when making purchasing decisions.
Sizing Your Space Heater: Matching Power to Room Size
Choosing the right size space heater is crucial for both comfort and efficiency. An undersized heater won’t provide adequate warmth, while an oversized unit wastes energy and may cycle on and off frequently.
Calculating Heating Requirements
The general rule is 10 watts per square foot of space for well-insulated rooms. Poorly insulated rooms may require 12-15 watts per square foot. To calculate your needs, multiply your room’s square footage by the appropriate wattage factor.
For example, a 200-square-foot room with average insulation needs about 2,000 watts of heating power. However, other factors affect heating requirements, including ceiling height, window size, and insulation quality. Rooms with high ceilings or large windows may need additional heating capacity.
Consider your local climate when sizing heaters. Extremely cold climates may require more heating power than the basic calculation suggests. Conversely, mild climates may allow you to use smaller heaters effectively. Account for your personal comfort preferences as well—some people prefer warmer temperatures than others.
Room-Specific Considerations
Different rooms have unique heating challenges that affect heater selection. Bedrooms benefit from quiet operation and consistent temperatures, making oil-filled radiators or ceramic heaters with thermostats ideal choices. Living rooms need even heat distribution, favoring tower heaters or models with oscillating features.
Bathrooms require heaters with appropriate moisture protection and quick heating capabilities. Look for models specifically rated for bathroom use with GFCI protection. Offices and workspaces benefit from compact heaters that don’t take up valuable desk space while providing focused warmth.
Basements and garages often need more powerful heaters due to poor insulation and concrete floors that absorb heat. Consider portable heaters with wheels for easy movement between areas. Enclosed porches and sunrooms may benefit from infrared heaters that warm people directly rather than trying to heat large air volumes.
Matching Heater Types to Spaces
Small spaces under 100 square feet work well with compact ceramic heaters or personal heaters. These provide adequate warmth without overwhelming the space or wasting energy. Medium rooms between 100-300 square feet suit most standard space heaters, including tower models and oil-filled radiators.
Large rooms over 300 square feet may require multiple heaters or high-capacity models with oscillation features. Consider the room’s layout when selecting heaters—open floor plans need different heating strategies than divided spaces. Rooms with high ceilings may benefit from tower heaters that distribute heat at multiple levels.
Factor in the room’s primary use when selecting heaters. Frequently occupied spaces benefit from consistent heating, while occasionally used rooms may work better with quick-heating ceramic models. Storage areas or workshops may only need occasional heat, making portable models more practical.
Smart Features and Modern Convenience
Today’s space heaters incorporate advanced technology that enhances convenience, safety, and efficiency. These features transform basic heating into a sophisticated climate control system.
Smart Connectivity and Controls
Wi-Fi-enabled space heaters connect to your smartphone, allowing remote control from anywhere. This connectivity enables you to turn heaters on before arriving home, ensuring warm rooms without wasting energy all day. Smart controls also allow you to monitor energy usage and adjust settings remotely.
Voice control compatibility works with popular smart home systems like Amazon Alexa and Google Assistant. This hands-free operation is particularly convenient when you’re occupied with other tasks. Some models integrate with whole-home automation systems for comprehensive climate control.
Smartphone apps provide detailed energy monitoring, showing exactly how much electricity your heater consumes. This information helps you optimize usage patterns and identify opportunities for energy savings. Some apps even provide cost estimates based on your local electricity rates.
Programmable Features
Advanced programmable thermostats allow you to set different temperatures for different times of day. This automation ensures comfort when you need it while saving energy when you don’t. Weekly programming accommodates different schedules for weekdays and weekends.
Timer functions automatically turn heaters on and off at predetermined times. This feature prevents forgotten heaters from running unnecessarily while ensuring warm rooms when you need them. Some models offer multiple timer settings for complex scheduling needs.
Eco modes automatically adjust heater output based on room temperature and occupancy. These intelligent features can reduce energy consumption by 20-30% while maintaining comfort. Learning algorithms adapt to your preferences over time, optimizing performance automatically.
Advanced Safety Features
Modern safety features go beyond basic tip-over and overheat protection. Some heaters include motion sensors that automatically turn off when no one is present, preventing accidents and saving energy. Child safety locks prevent accidental operation or tampering.
Advanced models monitor air quality and automatically adjust operation to prevent stuffiness or excessive drying. Some include humidity sensors that work with the heating system to maintain comfortable moisture levels. These features create a more comfortable environment while protecting your health.
Diagnostic features monitor heater performance and alert you to potential problems before they become serious. Some models send notifications to your smartphone if maintenance is needed or if safety issues are detected. This proactive approach prevents problems and extends heater lifespan.
Maintenance and Troubleshooting
Proper maintenance extends your space heater’s lifespan and ensures safe operation. Most maintenance tasks are simple and can be performed by homeowners with basic tools.
Regular Cleaning and Care
Regular cleaning prevents dust buildup that can cause overheating and reduce efficiency. Turn off and unplug the heater before cleaning, allowing it to cool completely. Use a soft brush or vacuum to remove dust from air intake and exhaust areas.
Wipe down the exterior with a damp cloth, avoiding electrical components. For stubborn dirt, use mild soap and water, but never immerse the heater in water or spray it directly. Dry thoroughly before storing or using the heater.
Clean or replace air filters if your heater includes them. Clogged filters reduce efficiency and can cause overheating. Follow manufacturer instructions for filter maintenance, as procedures vary between models. Some filters are washable, while others require replacement.
Common Problems and Solutions
If your heater isn’t producing heat, check that it’s plugged in securely and that the outlet is working. Verify that the thermostat is set above room temperature and that any timers are programmed correctly. Reset circuit breakers if necessary.
Unusual noises often indicate loose parts or debris in the heater. Turn off and unplug the unit, then inspect for visible problems. Tighten any loose screws or connections, and remove any debris from air passages. If noises persist, contact customer service.
If the heater cycles on and off frequently, it may be oversized for the room or positioned incorrectly. Try lowering the thermostat setting or moving the heater to a different location. Ensure adequate clearance around the unit for proper air circulation.
When to Replace Your Heater
Consider replacing your space heater if it’s more than 10 years old, especially if it lacks modern safety features. Frequent repairs or declining performance indicate that replacement may be more cost-effective than continued maintenance.
Safety concerns should prompt immediate replacement. If the power cord is damaged, the heater has been tipped over frequently, or any safety features have failed, don’t risk continued use. Modern heaters offer significantly improved safety compared to older models.
Energy efficiency improvements in newer models can justify replacement even if your current heater still works. New heaters may use 20-30% less energy while providing better heating performance. Calculate potential energy savings to determine if replacement makes financial sense.
Conclusion: Choosing Your Perfect Space Heater
The right space heater transforms cold, uncomfortable spaces into warm, inviting areas where you actually want to spend time. Whether you need quick warmth for a home office, steady heat for a bedroom, or efficient heating for a large living room, there’s a perfect heater for your situation.
Consider your specific needs when making your selection. Room size, desired features, and budget all play important roles in finding the ideal heater. Don’t forget about safety features and energy efficiency—these factors affect both your comfort and your wallet over time.
Remember that proper use and maintenance ensure safe operation and maximum lifespan. Follow manufacturer instructions, maintain adequate clearances, and perform regular cleaning to keep your heater operating efficiently. With the right heater and proper care, you’ll enjoy warm, comfortable spaces throughout the cold months ahead.
Frequently Asked Questions
Q: How much does it cost to run a space heater? A: Most space heaters cost between $0.10-$0.20 per hour to operate, depending on wattage and local electricity rates. A 1,500-watt heater running for 8 hours costs approximately $1.20-$2.40 per day at average rates.
Q: Can space heaters reduce my overall heating bills? A: Yes, when used strategically. Heating one room with a space heater while lowering your central heating thermostat often costs less than heating your entire home. The savings depend on your home’s size, insulation, and local energy costs.
Q: Are space heaters safe to leave on overnight? A: Modern space heaters with proper safety features can be left on overnight, but it’s generally not recommended. If you must use one overnight, choose a model with automatic shut-off, tip-over protection, and a timer. Never leave old or damaged heaters unattended.
Q: What’s the difference between ceramic and oil-filled heaters? A: Ceramic heaters heat up quickly and use fans to circulate warm air, making them ideal for rapid heating. Oil-filled heaters take longer to warm up but provide steady, long-lasting heat and operate silently. Choose based on whether you need quick warmth or consistent background heating.
Q: How do I know what size heater I need? A: Use the rule of 10 watts per square foot for well-insulated rooms. Multiply your room’s square footage by 10 to get the minimum wattage needed. For example, a 200-square-foot room needs at least 2,000 watts. Add 20-30% for poorly insulated rooms or extremely cold climates.